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17 types of headaches
The different types of headaches depend upon the class to which they belong. Some common types include:

Primary tension headaches that are episodic
Primary tension headaches that are chromic
Primary muscle contraction headaches
Primary migraine headaches with aura
Primary migraine headaches without aura
Primary cluster headache
Primary paroxysmal hemicrania (a type of cluster headache)
Primary cough headache
Primary stabbing headache
Primary headache associated with sexual intercourse
Primary thunderclap headache
Hypnic headache (headaches that awaken a person from sleep)
Hemicrania continua (headaches that are persistently on one side only. right or left [unilateral])
New daily-persistent headache (NDPH) (a type of chronic headache)
Headache from exertion
Trigeminal neuralgia and other cranial nerve inflammation
Secondary headaches due to:
Trauma
Disorders
Infection
Structural problems with the bones of the face, teeth, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses or other structures
Substance abuse or withdrawal

What causes headaches?
Migraine headache is caused by inflammation or irritation of structures that surround the brain or affect its function. While the brain itself has no pain nerve fibers, everything else above the shoulders, from the neck, skull, and face, can cause a person to have of head pain. Systemic illnesses, including infection or dehydration, can have associated headache. These are known as toxic headache. Changes in circulation and blood flow or trauma can also cause headache.

Changes in brain chemistry may also be associated with headache: medication reactions, drug abuse and drug withdrawal can all cause pain.

Every person is different so the history of the headache is important. Recognizing patterns or precipitating (foods eaten, stress, etc.) factors, in combination with the physical examination and associated symptoms, can help identify the cause for each individual's specific headache.


What causes tension headaches?
 Readers Comments 14  Share Your Story
While tension headaches are the most frequently occurring type of headache, their cause is not known. The most likely cause is contraction of the muscles that cover the skull. When the muscles covering the skull are stressed, they may become inflamed, go into spasm, and cause pain. Common sites include the base of the skull where the trapezius muscles of the neck insert, the temples where muscles that move the jaw are located, and the forehead.

There is little research to confirm the exact cause of tension headaches. It is believed that tension headaches occur because of physical stress on the muscles of the head. For example, these stressors can cause the muscles surrounding the skull to clench the teeth and go into spasm. Physical stressors include difficult and prolonged manual labor, or sitting at a desk or computer concentrating for long periods. Emotional stress also might cause tension headaches by causing the muscles surrounding the skull to contract.
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